The Mauryan dynasty was a powerful and great dynasty of ancient India. It has ruled India for 137 years.
The credit for its establishment is given to Chandragupta Maurya and her Mantri Kautilya, who defeated Emperor Ghanananda of Nand Dynasty. Emperor Ashoka is given credit of extending the Mauryan empire and making him powerful.
This empire originates in the Ganga River's Plains (today's Bihar and Bengal) in the state of Magadha. Its capital was Pataliputra (near today's Patna city).
Chandragupta Maurya established this empire in the year 322 BC and rapidly developed his empire towards the west. He took advantage of the mutual differences of several small regional states which were born after Sikandar's invasion.
By 316 BC, the Maurya dynasty had taken possession of the whole northern western India. In the state of Ashoka, the Chakravarti emperor, the vast expanse of the Maurya dynasty grew. Because of the Emperor Ashoka, the Maurya Empire became the greatest and powerful in the world.
At that time, the kingdom of Magadha was ruled by the Nand dynasty. Magadha was a very powerful empire.When Alexander was entering from Punjab,then Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) tried to tell the Emperor Ghananand of Magadha about this to save the kingdom of Magadha.
But Emperor Ghananand rejected his proposal and he insulted Chanakya, then Chanakya took the pledge that he has to teach Ghananand a lesson and give the Magadha empire a good king.
India was divided into small and small counties. At that time there were only a few major ruling castes in which Shakya, Maurya had more influence. Chandragupta was the son of the same gana chief and in his childhood he had all the qualities of the warrior. Chandragupta had the natural qualities of becoming a king 'Chanakya made him his disciple, considering the same merit.
Chanakya was well versed in politics and state affairs. He prepared Chandragupta and other army and helped him eliminate the Nand Dynasty.
Thus, with the help of Chanakya, Chandragupta uprooted the last Nand ruler and established the Maurya Empire where Chandragupta Maurya became the king and Chanakya became chief minister in the court.
Important rulers of this lineage were Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara and Raja Ashok. This empire reached its peak under King Ashoka, however, immediately after the death of Emperor Ashoka, this mighty empire began to fall rapidly.
Today we will know about this empire and its kings in detail.
Emperors of Maurya Dynasty
1. Chandragupta Maurya 322 BC - 298 BC
Chandragupta Maurya (322-298 BC) was the first founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. They succeeded in bringing the entire India under one empire. The date of the throne of Chandragupta Maurya is generally considered to be 324 BC,he ruled for approximately 25 years and thus his reign ended almost 297 BC.
Later in 297 BC his son Bindusara took over his empire. The Maurya Empire is considered to be one of the most powerful empires in history. At the end of his empire, Chandragupta had success in governing all the Indian subcontinent excepting Tamil Nadu and present Odisha.
His empire was spread from Bengal to Afghanistan and Balochistan and from west to Pakistan in the Himalayas and the northern part of Kashmir. As well as expanded to Platau in the south. In Indian history, the reign of Chandragupta Maurya is considered the largest ruler.
2. Bindusara 298 BC-272 BC
Many Indians know that Chandragupta Maurya was the first ruler of the Maurya Empire in Indian history. While Bindusara was next Maurya ruler and son of Chandragupta Maurya. In history, the famous ruler Emperor Asoka was the son of Bindusara. He ruled for almost 25 years.
Bindusara attained the state of a great state in the estate.He also extended the state to South India. Chanakya also remained prime minister in his time. Bindusara is known as 'father of son and son of father' because he was the son of Chandragupta Maurya famous and mighty ruler and father of the great King Ashoka.
3. Emperor Ashoka 269 BC-232 BC
Ashok Maurya, commonly known as Ashoka Mahan. Emperor Asoka was an Indian emperor of the Mauryan dynasty. Emperor Ashoka was one of the great powerful empires of India. He ruled for almost 41 years.
In the latter part of life, Emperor Ashoka became Buddhist after being influenced by Lord Buddha's humanitarian teachings and in the memory of them, he set up many pillars, which is still near his birthplace in Nepal - Lumbini - Mayaadevi Temple,Sarnath, Bodh Gaya, Kushinagar and Adi, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China can still be seen as Ashoka Pillar in these countries.
Emperor Ashoka also promoted Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, West Asia, Egypt and Greece besides India Emperor Ashoka did not lose a single battle in his entire life. At the same time, 23 universities were established in the time of Emperor Asoka, including Takshshila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Kandhar etc. In these universities many students from abroad used to come to India to get education.
India's national symbol 'Ashok Chakra' and 'Trimurty' of 3 lions is the great gift of Ashoka.
4.Kunal (263 BC)
Kunal was the son of Emperor Ashoka and Rani Padmavati.After the death of Mahendra, the eldest son of Ashoka, Kunal was considered to be the successor of the empire.But in jealousy, his stepmother, Tishyaraksha had blinded them.So they were not able to take the throne
Kunal served as Viceroy of Takshashila during his father's reign.He was appointed for the post in 235 BC. He ruled for almost 8 years.
5. Dashrath Maurya 232 BC - 224 BC
Dasharath was a Mauryan emperor from 232 to 224 BC. He was the grandson of Emperor Ashoka. He continued Ashoka's religious and social policies.Dasharath was the last ruler of the Maurya dynasty to issue inscriptions - thus the last Mauryan emperor was known from inscriptions.He ruled for almost 8 years.
Dasharath died in 224 BC and after that his cousin Samparti was made him his heir.
6.Samparti 224 BC - 215 BC
Samparti (R 224 - 215 BC) was an emperor of the Maurya dynasty. He was son of Kunal,Kunal was blind son of Ashoka.After his cousin Dashrath, he succeeded as the emperor of the Maurya Empire. He ruled for 9 years.
7.Shalisuk 215 BC-202 BC
Shalishuk Maurya was the ruler of the Maurya dynasty. They ruled from 215-202 BC for almost 13 years. He was heir of Samparti Maurya.Whereas in 'Garg Sanhita' they have been called Unrighteous and quarrelsome.
8. Devavarman 202 BC -195 BC
Devavarman was the king of the Maurya Empire. They ruled in 202-195 BC According to the Puranas, he was the successor of Shalisuk Maurya and he ruled for seven years.
9.Shatdhanvan Maurya 195 BC 187 BC
Shatdhanvan or Shatadhanya was the king of the Maurya dynasty. They ruled in 195-187 BC. According to the Purans, he was the successor of Devvarman Maurya and continued to reign for eight years. During his time, due to the invasions he lost some territories of his empire.
10. Vardarth Maurya
Vardarth Maurya was the last ruler of the Maurya Empire.He ruled till 187-185 BC. He was killed by them by a minister Pushyamitra Shung. He established the Shung Empire.
Thus, by killing his own king, Pushyamitra Sung declared himself emperor in 185 BC And laid the foundations of a new dynasty Shung Dynasty.
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